All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work. For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent. Present the journal title in full. An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style. It will usually request vital details about a source - like the authors, title, and publish date - and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official.

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APA Style Quick-Guide

Adapted from: American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Ed. American Psychological Association of America.
APA References Page

Below are a list of some of the most commonly used citation categories and examples of what information should be included in that citation, as well as how the information should be arranged. When you need to cite a source, follow these steps:

Decide to which category your source belongs. Is it a book? Anthology? Online source? Journal article? Etc.?
Collect the necessary information from your source. Sometimes this takes a bit of digging, especially with the online sources.
Arrange the vital information exactly as it appears in the examples, including all styles and punctuation.
Once you have all of your citations written, arrange them in alphabetical order depending on the first word in the citation on a “Reference List” page at very end of your paper.

Below are some examples of reference entries for commonly used source types. For a more extensive list of source types and reference entries, consult the Publication Manual.

BASIC FORMAT FOR A PRINT BOOK:

Author Last name, First initial. (Year of publication). Title of book. Publisher.

One author:
Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital. McGraw-Hill.

Multiple authors:
Hamer, D., & Copeland, P. (1998). Living with our genes. Doubleday.

Book with multiple editions:
Stark, R. (1998). Sociology (7^th ed.). Wadsworth.

BASIC FORMAT FOR AN EDITED PRINT BOOK:

Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. Russell Sage Foundation.

ELECTRONIC BOOK (either version of print book or electronic only):

Author Last name, First initial. (Year, if available). Title of book (edition, if applicable). Publisher Name. DOI or URL

Brown, L.S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2^nd ed.). Americal Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-00

Note re. DOI: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/dois-urls

ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK:

Author Last name, First initial. (Year). Title of article. In Editor First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of book (page range). Publisher. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Fesmire, S. (1997). The social basis of character: An ecological humanist approach. In H. LaFollette (Ed.), Ethics in practice (pp. 282-292). Blackwell.

ARTICLE IN A PRINT JOURNAL:

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26-33.

Villarreal, A. (2004). The social ecology of rural violence: land scarcity, the organization of agricultural production, and the presence of the state. The American Journal of Sociology, 110(2), 313-338.

ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE JOURNAL:

Author last name, first initial. (Year). Title of article. Name of Periodical, Volume(issue number), Page number or range. DOI or URL.

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M.H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

DISSERTATION OR THESIS IN ONLINE DATABASE:

Author last name, first initial. (Year). Title of work [Master’s thesis or Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database Name.

Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global.

ENTRY IN AN ONLINE REFERENCE WORK, SINGLE AUTHOR

Author Last name, First initial. (Year). Name of the article. In Editor Name (Ed.), Title of

encyclopedia/larger work (Edition). Publisher Name. URL

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/behaviorism

ENTRY IN AN ONLINE REFERENCE WORK, GROUP AUTHOR

Group Name. (n.d.). Entry title. In Name of work. Retrieved [date], from URL

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.) Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July, 12, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report

WIKIPEDIA ENTRY

Article title. (Date last edited). In Wikipedia. URL

List of oldest companies. (2019, January 13). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid878158136

Note: When citing a Wikipedia entry, include the URL for the archived version of the page you accessed. To find the archived version, click on “View history” and locate the version you used in the list of edits.

PRINT MAGAZINE ARTICLE:

Author Last name, First initial. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of magazine, Volume number(issue number), Page number or range.

Weir, K. (2017, January). Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Monitor on Psychology, 48(1), 30.

ONLINE MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Author Last name, First initial. (Date of publication). Article title. Publication name, volume number(issue if available), page range (if applicable). DOI or URL

Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas. Science, 363(6422), 33-34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988

Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom Bissell. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with-tom-bissell

PRINT NEWSPAPER ARTICLE:

Hess, A. (2019, January 3). Cats who take direction. The New York Times, C1.

ONLINE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Author Last name, First initial. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of publication. URL.

Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions

WEB PAGE:

Author Last name, First initial. (Date of publication and/or last modification). Title of document. Site Name. URL

Martin Lillie, C.M. (2016, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency. Mayo Clinic. https://mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193

For web page with group author:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm

If the author and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element.

AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA:

Author Last Name, First Initial (Type of Author). (Date). Title of work [Description]. Production Company. URL

Use the following table to determine the author of the source:

Media type	Include as the author
Film	Director
TV se

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